由于意识的提高，人体工程学的风险评估现在比过去更频繁地进行。基于对工作场所的专家辅助观察和手动填写评分表的常规风险评估评估仍然是主要的。数据分析通常是在关注关键时刻的重点，尽管不支持上下文信息和随时间变化。在本文中，我们介绍了ErgoExplorer，这是一种用于风险评估数据的交互式视觉分析的系统。与当前的实践相反，我们专注于跨越多个动作和多个工人的数据，同时保留所有上下文信息。数据自动从视频流中提取。基于经过仔细研究的分析任务，我们介绍了新的观点及其相应的交互。这些观点还结合了特定领域的分数表，以确保域专家轻松采用。所有视图都集成到ErgoExplorer中，该视图依赖于协调的多个视图来通过互动来促进分析。 ErgoExplorer使得首次可以在长期播放多个操作的长时间内检查各个身体部位的风险评估之间的复杂关系。新介绍的方法支持几个详细层面的分析和探索，从一般概述到如有必要的话，请直到检查视频流中的单个帧。我们说明了将其应用于几个数据集的新提出的方法的有用性。

Most benchmarks for studying surgical interventions focus on a specific challenge instead of leveraging the intrinsic complementarity among different tasks. In this work, we present a new experimental framework towards holistic surgical scene understanding. First, we introduce the Phase, Step, Instrument, and Atomic Visual Action recognition (PSI-AVA) Dataset. PSI-AVA includes annotations for both long-term (Phase and Step recognition) and short-term reasoning (Instrument detection and novel Atomic Action recognition) in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy videos. Second, we present Transformers for Action, Phase, Instrument, and steps Recognition (TAPIR) as a strong baseline for surgical scene understanding. TAPIR leverages our dataset's multi-level annotations as it benefits from the learned representation on the instrument detection task to improve its classification capacity. Our experimental results in both PSI-AVA and other publicly available databases demonstrate the adequacy of our framework to spur future research on holistic surgical scene understanding.

Motion prediction systems aim to capture the future behavior of traffic scenarios enabling autonomous vehicles to perform safe and efficient planning. The evolution of these scenarios is highly uncertain and depends on the interactions of agents with static and dynamic objects in the scene. GNN-based approaches have recently gained attention as they are well suited to naturally model these interactions. However, one of the main challenges that remains unexplored is how to address the complexity and opacity of these models in order to deal with the transparency requirements for autonomous driving systems, which includes aspects such as interpretability and explainability. In this work, we aim to improve the explainability of motion prediction systems by using different approaches. First, we propose a new Explainable Heterogeneous Graph-based Policy (XHGP) model based on an heterograph representation of the traffic scene and lane-graph traversals, which learns interaction behaviors using object-level and type-level attention. This learned attention provides information about the most important agents and interactions in the scene. Second, we explore this same idea with the explanations provided by GNNExplainer. Third, we apply counterfactual reasoning to provide explanations of selected individual scenarios by exploring the sensitivity of the trained model to changes made to the input data, i.e., masking some elements of the scene, modifying trajectories, and adding or removing dynamic agents. The explainability analysis provided in this paper is a first step towards more transparent and reliable motion prediction systems, important from the perspective of the user, developers and regulatory agencies. The code to reproduce this work is publicly available at https://github.com/sancarlim/Explainable-MP/tree/v1.1.

The deployment of robots in uncontrolled environments requires them to operate robustly under previously unseen scenarios, like irregular terrain and wind conditions. Unfortunately, while rigorous safety frameworks from robust optimal control theory scale poorly to high-dimensional nonlinear dynamics, control policies computed by more tractable "deep" methods lack guarantees and tend to exhibit little robustness to uncertain operating conditions. This work introduces a novel approach enabling scalable synthesis of robust safety-preserving controllers for robotic systems with general nonlinear dynamics subject to bounded modeling error by combining game-theoretic safety analysis with adversarial reinforcement learning in simulation. Following a soft actor-critic scheme, a safety-seeking fallback policy is co-trained with an adversarial "disturbance" agent that aims to invoke the worst-case realization of model error and training-to-deployment discrepancy allowed by the designer's uncertainty. While the learned control policy does not intrinsically guarantee safety, it is used to construct a real-time safety filter (or shield) with robust safety guarantees based on forward reachability rollouts. This shield can be used in conjunction with a safety-agnostic control policy, precluding any task-driven actions that could result in loss of safety. We evaluate our learning-based safety approach in a 5D race car simulator, compare the learned safety policy to the numerically obtained optimal solution, and empirically validate the robust safety guarantee of our proposed safety shield against worst-case model discrepancy.

Calibration is a popular framework to evaluate whether a classifier knows when it does not know - i.e., its predictive probabilities are a good indication of how likely a prediction is to be correct. Correctness is commonly estimated against the human majority class. Recently, calibration to human majority has been measured on tasks where humans inherently disagree about which class applies. We show that measuring calibration to human majority given inherent disagreements is theoretically problematic, demonstrate this empirically on the ChaosNLI dataset, and derive several instance-level measures of calibration that capture key statistical properties of human judgements - class frequency, ranking and entropy.

基于内核的测试提供了一个简单而有效的框架，该框架使用繁殖内核希尔伯特空间的理论设计非参数测试程序。在本文中，我们提出了新的理论工具，可用于在几种数据方案以及许多不同的测试问题中研究基于内核测试的渐近行为。与当前的方法不同，我们的方法避免使用冗长的$ u $和$ v $统计信息扩展并限制定理，该定理通常出现在文献中，并直接与希尔伯特空格上的随机功能合作。因此，我们的框架会导致对内核测试的简单明了的分析，只需要轻度的规律条件。此外，我们表明，通常可以通过证明我们方法所需的规律条件既足够又需要进行必要的规律条件来改进我们的分析。为了说明我们的方法的有效性，我们为有条件的独立性测试问题提供了一项新的内核测试，以及针对已知的基于内核测试的新分析。

几项作品已经研究了主观文本，因为它们可以在用户中引起某些行为。大多数工作都集中在社交网络中的用户生成的文本上，但是其他一些文本也包括对某些主题的观点，可能会影响政治决策期间的判断标准。在这项工作中，我们解决了针对新闻头条领域的有针对性情绪分析的任务，该领域由主要渠道在2019年阿根廷总统大选期间发布。为此，我们介绍了1,976个头条新闻的极性数据集，该数据集在2019年选举中以目标级别提及候选人。基于预训练的语言模型的最先进的分类算法的初步实验表明，目标信息有助于此任务。我们公开提供数据和预培训模型。

车载传感器的车载系统正在增强连接。这使信息共享能够实现对环境的更全面的理解。但是，通过公共蜂窝网络的同行通信带来了多个网络障碍以解决，需要网络系统来中继通信并连接无法直接连接的各方。 Web实时通信（WEBRTC）是跨车辆流媒体流媒体的良好候选者，因为它可以使延迟通信较低，同时将标准协议带到安全握手中，发现公共IP和横向网络地址转换（NAT）系统。但是，在基础架构中的端到端服务质量（QOS）适应，在该基础架构中，传输和接收是通过继电器解耦的，需要一种机制来有效地使视频流适应网络容量。为此，本文通过利用实时运输控制协议（RTCP）指标（例如带宽和往返时间）来调查解决分辨率，帧和比特率更改的机制。该解决方案旨在确保接收机上系统及时获得相关信息。在实际的5G测试台中分析了应用不同方法适应方法时对端到端吞吐量效率和反应时间的影响。

bump狩猎与样本空间中的发现有意义的数据子集，称为颠簸。这些传统上被认为是基础密度函数图中的模态或凹区域。我们根据概率密度的曲率功能定义抽象的凸起构建体。然后，我们探讨了涉及衍生物最高到二阶的几种替代特征。特别是，在多元案例中提出了适当的善良和加斯金斯原始凹凸凹凸的实施。此外，我们将探索性数据分析概念（如平均曲率和拉普拉斯人）在应用域中产生良好结果。我们的方法可以通过插件内核密度估计器来解决曲率功能的近似。我们提供了理论上的结果，以确保在Hausdorff距离内的凸界边界的渐近一致性，并具有负担得起的收敛速度。我们还提出了渐近有效且一致的置信区域边界曲率凸起。该理论通过NBA，MLB和NFL的数据集的体育分析中的几种用例来说明。我们得出的结论是，不同的曲率实例有效地结合了以产生洞察力的可视化。

这项工作提出了一种新的方法，可以使用有效的鸟类视图表示和卷积神经网络在高速公路场景中预测车辆轨迹。使用基本的视觉表示，很容易将车辆位置，运动历史，道路配置和车辆相互作用轻松包含在预测模型中。 U-NET模型已被选为预测内核，以使用图像到图像回归方法生成场景的未来视觉表示。已经实施了一种方法来从生成的图形表示中提取车辆位置以实现子像素分辨率。该方法已通过预防数据集（一个板载传感器数据集）进行了培训和评估。已经评估了不同的网络配置和场景表示。这项研究发现，使用线性终端层和车辆的高斯表示，具有6个深度水平的U-NET是最佳性能配置。发现使用车道标记不会改善预测性能。平均预测误差为0.47和0.38米，对于纵向和横向坐标的最终预测误差分别为0.76和0.53米，预测轨迹长度为2.0秒。与基线方法相比，预测误差低至50％。